ZOO2010 Laboratory Study Guide

Chapter 2, Cell Structure and Division

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Terms to Know in This Chapter:

cell

protozoan [pro toe ZOE an]

metazoan [met ah ZOE an]

squamous epithelium (sing.) [SKWAY mus] [ep eh THE lee um]

nucleus (sing.) [NEW klee us]

nuclei (pl.) [NEW klee eye]

cytoplasm [SIGH toe plaz um]

organelle (sing.) [or gah NELL]

inclusion (sing.) [in CLEW shun]

ground substance

plasma membrane [PLAZ mah]

nucleolus (sing.) [new KLEE oh lus]

nucleoli (pl.) new KLEE oh lie]

chromatin [CROW mah tin]

cell cycle

G₂

synthesis

G₁

replication [rep leh KAY shun]

mitosis [my TOE siss]

cytokinesis [sigh toe kie KNEE siss]

interphase [IN tur faze]

prophase [PRO faze]

metaphase [MET ah faze]

anaphase [AN ah faze]

telophase [TELL oh faze]

centriole (sing.) [SIN tree ole]

aster (sing.) [ASS tur]

spindle fibers

centromere [SIN trow meer]

chromatid (sing.) [CROW mah tid]

cleavage furrow [CLEE vage] [FUR row]

zygote [ZIE goat]

shell

perivitelline space [per eh VIE teh lin]

pronucleus (sing.) [pro NEW klee us]

pronuclei (pl.) [pro NEW klee eye]

Genera You Need to Know:

Ascaris [ASS kah riss]

What You Need to Know:

You should be able to:

1. identify, by sight under a microscope, a simple squamous epithelial cell and locate the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane,
2. identify by sight with the aid of a microscope, an unfertilzied egg for a star fish (sea star) and locate the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear envelope, nucleus with chromatin and nucleolus,
3. name the stages of the cell cycle and give a breakdown of events that occur in each,
4. name the phases of mitosis and explain what events take place in each,
5. recognize by sight under a microscope, the following phases:
   a. interphase
   b. prophase
   c. metaphase
   d. anaphase
   e. telophase,
6. distinguish between centriole and centromere,
7. explain the characteristics of a cell in interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase,
8. explain cytokinesis and relate that to the cleavage furrow, and,
9. define perivitelline space and pronucleus as they relate to Ascaris.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

1. The flat shape of this cell, surrounded by a translucent cytoplasm is what identifies the cell.
2. The brain of the cell is called the , inside of which may be densely staining material known as , along with "dot" like structures, a smaller version of the nucleus called the .
3. The stage of the cell cycle that the cell is getting ready for mitosis is called .
4. Division of the cytoplasm is called .
5. is the stage of the cell cycle where DNA replicates.
6. The nuclear membrane disappears, the nucleoli are absorbed, the chromosomes become visibilty thickened during this stage of mitosis. .
7. Chromosomes begin to push apart and move toward opposite ends of the spindle during .
8. Chromosomes align themselves along the equatorial plane of the spindle during .
9. The centromere divides during .
10. When the chromosomes reach opposite poles and the nuclear membranes form, you have reached of mitosis.
11. Centrioles divide during .
12. During late telophase, cytokinesis begins with the formation of that eventually pinch in to to form daughter cells.

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

1. During what stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes become visibly thickened?
   

   (1) interphase
   

   (2) prophase
   

   (3) metaphase
   

   (4) anaphase
   

   (5) telophase
   
   

2. During what stage of the cell cycle do the centromeres divide?

   (1) interphase
   

   (2) prophase
   

   (3) metaphase
   

   (4) anaphase
   

   (5) telophase
   
   

3. During what stage of the cell cycle do the centrioles divide and move apart?

   (1) interphase
   

   (2) prophase
   

   (3) metaphase
   

   (4) anaphase
   

   (5) telophase
   
   

4. During what stage of the cell cycle does the DNA replicate?

   (1) interphase
   

   (2) prophase
   

   (3) metaphase
   

   (4) anaphase
   

   (5) telophase
   
   

5. During what stage of the cell cycle does the nuclear membrane disappear?
   

   (1) interphase
   

   (2) prophase
   

   (3) metaphase
   

   (4) anaphase
   

   (5) telophase