BSC1011 Lab Study Guide Protista

BSC1011 Lab Study Guide
Protista

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Terms to Know:

Protista [pro TIST ah]

Euglenozoa [you glen oh ZOE ah]

Alveolata [al vee oh LAH tah]

Stramenopila [strah men oh PILL ah]

Chlorophyta [klor OF ee tah]

Choanoflagellida [co AN oh fladge el LID eh dah]

euglenoid (sing.) [YOU gleh noid]

kinetoplastid (sing.) [kie net oh PLAS tid]

achlorophyllous [A klor OFF eh lus]

Protoslo [PRO toe slow]

methyl cellulose [METH ul] [CELL you loess]

euglenoid motion

flagellum (sing.) [flah GELL um]
flagella (pl.) [flah GELL ah]

pellicle (sing.) [PELL eh kul]

chloroplast (sing.) [KLOR oh plast]

nucleus (sing.) [NEW klee us]
nuclei (pl.) [NEW klee eye]

reservoir (sing.) [REZ er vore]

stigma (sing.) [STIG mah]
stigmata (pl.) [STIG mah tah] or [stig MAH tah]

paramylon [pear ah MY lon]

autotrophic [aw toe TROW fik]

heterotrophic [het er oh TROW fik]

holozoic [ho low ZOE ik]

saprozoic [sap row ZOE ik]

symbiosis [sim be OH siss]

mutualism [MEW tew ul iz um]

parasitism [pear ah seh TIZ um]

endosome (sing.) [IN doe zome]

volutin [VOL you tin]

blepharoplast (sing.) [blee FARE oh plast]

kinetoplast (sing.) [kie NET oh plast]

pathenogenesis (sing.) [path EN oh GIN ee siss]

Tsetse fly [TEET zee]

nagana [nah GAN ah]

Chagas [CHEZ gas]

dinoflagellate [dye noe FLAG eh late]

bioluminescence [BY oh lum eh NESS ince]

red tide

chromatophore (sing.) [crow MAT oh fore]

carotenoid (sing.) [CARE oh ten noid] or [care OTT in noid]

annulus (sing.) [ANN you lus]
annuli (pl.) [ANN you lie]

sulcus (sing.) [SULL kuss]
sulci (pl.) [SULL see]

euryhaline [your ee HAY leen]

bloom

saxitoxin [SAX eh TOX in]

luciferin [lew SIFF er in]

luciferase [lew SIFF er aze]

ciguterra [sig you TERRR ah]

cigutoxin [SIG you TOX in]

apical horn

antiapical horn

sporozoite (sing.) [spore oh ZOE it]

trophozoite (sing.) [trow foe ZOE it]

schizont (sing.) [SKIZ ont]

merozoite (sing.) [MEER oh ZOE it]

microgamete (sing.) [MY crow gam EET]

macrogamete (sing.)

zygote (sing.) [ZIE goat]

sporogony [spore OG oh nee]

malaria [mah LAIR ee ah]

oöcyst [OH oh sisst]

ring stage

gregarine [GREG ah rine]

gamont (sing.) [GAM ont]

cytosome (sing.) [SIGH toe zome]

cytopharynx (sing.) [sigh toe FAIR inks]
cytopharynges (pl.) [sigh toe fair IN geez]

food vacuole [VAK yule]

contractile vacuole [con TRACK tile]

xanthophyll [ZAN tho fill]

fucoxanthin [FEW co ZAN thin]

beta carotene

laminarin [lam eh NAIR in]

mannitol [MAN eh tole]

alginic acid [al GIN ik]

receptacle (sing.) [ree SEP tah kul]

conceptacle (sing.) [con SEP tah kul]

holdfast (sing.)

stipe (sing.)

air bladder (sing.)

dichotomous [die COT oh mus]

alternation of generations

paraphysis (sing.) [pear RIFF eh siss]
paraphyses (pl.) [pear RIFF eh seez]

antheridium (sing.) [an thur RID ee um]
antheridia (pl.) [an thur RID ee ah]

oögonium (sing.) [oh oh GONE ee um]
oögonia (pl.) [oh oh GONE ee ah]

ostiole (sing.) [OSS tee ole]

diatom (sing.) [DIE ah tom]

chlorophyll a

chlorophyll b

chlorophyll c

chlorophyll d

chlorophyll e

chrysolaminarin [CHRIS oh lam eh NAIR in]

coenocytic [see no SIT ik]

septa (sing.) [SEP tah]
septae (pl.) [SEP tee]

valve (sing.)

hypotheca (sing.) [high poe THEE kah]
hypothecae (pl.) [high poe THEE kee]

epitheca (sing.) [ep eh THEE kah]
epithecae (pl.) [ep eh THEE kee]

raphe (sing.) [RAFE]

costa (sing.) [COSS tah]
costae (pl.) [COSS tee]

auxospore (sing.) [AUX oh spore]

diatomaceous earth [DIE ah toe MAY shus]

Oömycete [oh OH my seat]

zoöspore (sing.) [ZOE oh spore]

ick

Rhodophyta [ROW doe fie tah]

floridean starch

hydrocolloid (sing.) [high drow CO lloyd]

agar [AG ar]

carragheenan (sing.) [care ah GEE nan]

gelan (sing.) [GELL an]

carpogonium (sing.) [car poe GONE ee um]
carpogonia (pl.) [car poe GONE ee ah]

trichogyne (sing.) [TRY cho gyne]

spermatium (sing.) [spur MAY shum]
spermatia (pl.) [spur MAY sha]

spermatangium (sing.) [spur mah TAN gee um]
spermatangia (pl.) [spur mah TAN gee ah]

ameboid [ah MEE boid]

carpospore (sing.) [CAR poe spore]

tetraspore (sing.) [TET rah spore]

calcium carbonate

pyrenoid (sing.) [PIRE eh noid]

zygospore (sing.) [ZIE go spore]

syngamy [SIN gah mee]

isogamete (sing.) [EYE so GAH meet]

daughter colony

protandrous [pro TAN druss]

conjugation [con jew GAY shun]

desmid (sing.) [DEZ mid]

isthmus (sing.) [IST mus]
isthmuses (pl.) [IST mus seez]

semicell (sing.)

pectin [PECK tin]

sessile [SESS ul]

collar (sing.)

filter feeder

ameba (sing.) [ah MEE bah]

chitin [KIE tin]

silicon [SILL eh con]

ectoplasm [EK toe plaz um]

endoplasm [IN doe plaz um]

plasmagel [plaz mah GEL]

plasmasol [plaz mah SOL]

test

lobopodium (sing.) [low bow POAD ee um]
lobopodia (pl.) [low bow POAD ee ah]

filipodium (sing.) [fill oh POAD ee um]
filipodia (pl.) [fill oh POAD ee ah]

keratin [KARE ah tin]

pseudopodium (sing.) [sue doe POAD ee um]
pseudopodia (pl.) [sue doe POAD ee ah]

amebic dysentery [DISS in terr ee]

heliozoan (sing.) [hee lee oh ZOE an]

axopodium (sing.) [axe oh POAD ee um]
axopodia (pl.) [axe oh POAD ee ah]

medulla (sing.) [MED you lah]
medullae (pl.) [MED you lee]

cortex (sing.) [CORE tex]
cortices (pl.) [CORE teh seez]

radiolarian (sing.) [ray dee oh LAIR ee an]

zooxanthella (sing.) [zoe zan THELL ah]
zooxanthellae (pl.) [zoe zan THELL ee]

strontium sulfate [STRON she um]

foraminiferan (sing.) [fore am eh NIF er an]

multilocular [mull tee LOCK you lar]

prolocular [pro LOCK you lar]

zoochlorella (sing.) [zoe klor ELL ah]
zoochlorellae (pl.) [zoe klor ELL ee]

calymma (sing.) [cah LIM ah]
calymmae (pl.) [cah LIM ee]

foram ooze

radiolarian ooze

Genera to Know:

Euglena [you GLEAN ah]

Trypanosoma [try pan oh ZOAM ah]

T. gambiense [gam bee ENS see]

T. brucei [BREW see eye]

T. cruzi [CRUZ eye]

Trichomonas [trick oh MOAN ass]]

Glossina palpalis [gloss IN ah] [PAL pah liss]

Gonyaulax [gon ee AWE lax]

Gymnodinium [gym no DIN ee um]

Ceratium [sir RAY shum]

Plasmodium vivax [plaz MODE ee um] [VIE vax]

Anopholes [ah NOFF oh leez]

Paramecium [pear ah MEE see um]

Fucus [FEW kus]

Sargassum [sar GASS um]

Vaucheria [vaw KARE ee ah]

Phytophthora infestans [fie TOF thor ah] [in FESS tans]

Achyla [ACK lee ah]

Saprolegnia [sap row LEG nee ah]

Nemalion [nee MALE yun]

Chlamydomonas [clam eh DOM oh nass]

Volvox [VOL vox]

Spirogyra [spire row GIRE rah]

Amoeba proteus [ah MEE bah] [PRO tee us]

Arcella [are CELL ah]

Difflugia [deh FLUGE ee ah]

Entamoeba histolytica[in tah MEE bah] [hiss toe LIT eh cah]

What You Need to Know:


You should be able to:

  1. name the six major subgroups of the Kingdom Protista and give their characteristics,
  2. identify and characterize by sight the following genera and species or groups:
    1. Euglena,
    2. Trypanosoma
    3. Trichomonas
    4. Ceratium
    5. gregarine
    6. ring stage of Plasmodium vivax
    7. Paramecium
    8. Fucus
    9. Sargassum
    10. Vaucheria
    11. assorted diatoms
    12. assorted desmids
    13. Phytophthora infestans
    14. Achlya or Saprolegnia
    15. Nemalion
    16. Chlamydomonas
    17. Vovox
    18. Spirogyra
    19. choanoflagellates
    20. Amoeba proteus
    21. Difflugia
    22. Arcella
    23. Entamoeba histolytica
    24. radiolarians
    25. foraminiferans
  3. explain how Euglena differs from most other Protists,
  4. explain the pathogenesis of the various species of Trypanosoma,of Trichomonas, Plasmodium vivax, red tides, and ciguterra, as well as any vectors associated with each,
  5. explain bioluminescence,
  6. explain how the food vacuole works in Paramecium and the color change that occurs with Congo Red,
  7. differentiate between conceptacles and receptacles in Fucus and explain sexual reproduction in the genus,
  8. explain what is meant by alternation of generations,
  9. differentiate between desmids and diatoms,
  10. identify the different stages of sexual reproduction in Nemalion,
  11. explain the different starches associated with the Protista,
  12. identify the sexual and asexual stages of Volvox,
  13. identify the sexual stages of Spirogyra,
  14. differentiate the various forms of tests or shells associated with the Protista, and
  15. give the unifying characteristics of the Stramenophila.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

  1. are predominately freshwater organisms with a pellicle and paramylon starch.
  2. The in Euglena contains two flagella - one short and one long.
  3. The vector of African Sleeping Sickness is the while the causative agent is the genus .
  4. are apparently nucleic acid reserves.
  5. is a fatal disease in cattle caused by Trypanosoma brucei.
  6. are unicellular, biflagellate organisms that are predominantly marine. Many in this group have the ability for or the production of cool light. Additionally, they may be responsible for a phenomenon called and a form of poisoning called .
  7. Ceratium has two grooves in its cellulose plates. One groove is called the and circles the organism much like a belt. The other groove is called the and runs longitudinally along the organism.
  8. One of the causative agents of Red Tides in Florida is the genus .
  9. reacts with oxygen in the presence of the enzyme to produce oxyluciferin which produces cool light.
  10. Which stage of the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax infects red blood cells in vertebrate hosts?
  11. The female mosquito is the vector for malaria.
  12. As the food vacuole becomes more Congo Red turns blue.
  13. Match the following with the appropriate form of starch.
    1. Brown Aglae
    2. Euglena
    3. Diatoms and Vaucheria
    4. Nemalion
    5. Spirogyra and Chlamydomonas
  14. Brown algae store additional food in the form of an alcoholic sugar called .
  15. At the tips of Fucus are swellings called and inside these are chambers called which contain oögonia and antheridia. Sperm are guided to the eggs in the oögonia by sterile hairs called .
  16. Match the unique chlorophylls with the appropriate group. Remember, all have chlorophyll a. What is the second chlorophyll found within the group?
    1. Chlorophyta
    2. Rhodophyta
    3. Brown algae
    4. Vaucheria and diatoms
  17. Vaucheria or water felt produces a compound asexual motile spore called a . The organism has a tubular structure and that condition is referred to as .
  18. If you think of a diatom like a Petri dish, the lid is called the and the base is called the .
  19. Late blight of potatoes is caused by the Oömycete .
  20. Match the disease with the organism.
    1. Plasmodium vivax
    2. Achlya
    3. Phytophthora infestans
    4. Trichomonas
    5. Trypanosoma cruzi
    6. Entamoeba histolytica
    7. Red Tides
    8. Trypanosoma gambiense
  21. If an organism has an isthmus, then it must be a .
  22. This group is used to make agar, stabilizers as carragheenans, and gelans.
  23. The leads the spermatia down to the carpogonium in Nemalion to effect fertilization.
  24. When you cannot differentiate between male and female sex cells, they are referred to as .
  25. This particular alga has spiral shaped chloroplasts and undergoes conjugation as a form of sexual reproduction.
  26. When sperm mature before eggs in bisexual species, the condition is known as .
  27. are a group that perhaps gave rise to the sponges.
  28. The term is used as a general name for all members of this group whereas the term is the genus of one member of the group.
  29. Match the test (or lack of test) with the appropriate genus.
    1. Amoeba proteus
    2. Arcella
    3. Difflugia
    4. radiolarians
    5. foraminiferans
Radiolarians may have mutualistic dinoflagellates in the outside capsule. These organisms are referred to as .

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

  1. An organism that has an undulating membrane, an axoneme and is the causative agent of nagana is:
    (1) Euglena.
    (2) Entamoeba histolytica.
    (3) Trypanosoma cruzi.
    (4) Trypanosoma brucei.
    (5) Plasmodium vivax.
  2. Which type of chlorophyll does Fucus have that Volvox does not?
    (1) chlorophyll a
    (2) chlorophyll b
    (3) chlorophyll c
    (4) chlorophyll d
    (5) chlorophyll e
  3. These organisms are responsible for ciguterra poisoning.
    (1) desmids
    (2) diatoms
    (3) dinoflagellates
    (4) amebas
    (5) none of the above
  4. An annulus and sulcus would be characteristic of which group?
    (1) desmids
    (2) diatoms
    (3) dinoflagellates
    (4) amebas
    (5) none of the above
  5. A stigma, two flagella, and chlorophyll are characteristics of which organism(s)?
    (1) Chlamydomonas
    (2) Euglena
    (3) Volvox
    (4) all of the above
    (5) none of the above
  6. Which is the vector of malaria?
    (1) tsetse fly
    (2) female Anopholes
    (3) fecal matter
    (4) more than one is correct
    (5) none of the above
  7. These are parasites of cockroaches and meal worms.
    (1) Entamoeba histolytica
    (2) gregarines
    (3) ciliates
    (4) amebas
    (5) none of the above
  8. This organism has two contractile vacuoles, an oral groove, a micronucleus and a macronucleus.
    (1) Ceratium
    (2) Entamoeba histolytica
    (3) Amoeba proteus
    (4) Euglena
    (5) Paramecium
  9. This is a coenocytic alga with compound zoospores, with cross walls or septa at the reproductive structures.
    (1) Vaucheria
    (2) Sargassum
    (3) Fucus
    (4) Difflugia
    (5) none of the above
  10. These are characterized by a girdle, epitheca and hypotheca.
    (1) desmids
    (2) diatoms
    (3) dinoflagellates
    (4) amebas
    (5) none of the above