Laboratory Study Guide,

The Scientific Method

Type your email address in the space provided.

Type your full name in the space provided.

Read:

The Scientific Method, pp 1-8.

Terms to Know in This Chapter:

scientific method [sigh in TIFF ik]

alcohol [AL co hol]

caffeine [caf EEN]

observation [ob ser VAY shun]

prediction [pre DICK shun]

test

interpretation [in ter pre TAY shun]

datum (sing.) [DAT um]

data (pl.) [DAY tah]

information [in for MAY shun]

hypothesis (sing.) [high POTH eh siss]

hypotheses (pl.) [high POTH eh seez]

transparent [trans PAIR ent]

eye (sing.)

brain (sing.)

antenna (sing.) [an TEN ah]

antennae (pl.) [an TEN ee]

leg (sing.)

exoskeleton (sing.) [EX oh skel eh ton]

mouth (sing.)

esophagus (sing.) [ee SOFF ah gus]

esophaguses (pl.) [ee SOFF ah gus ez]

beak (sing.)

gill (sing.)

stomach (sing.) [STOM uck]

stomaches (pl.)[STOM aks]

intestine (sing.)

heart (sing.)

brood chamber (sing.)

heartbeat (sing.)

control (sing.) [con TROLL]

variable (sing.) [VAIR ee ah bul]

dependent variable

independent variable

replication [rep leh KAY shun]

Genera You Need to Know

Daphnia [DAF knee ah]

What You Need to Know:

You should be able to:

1. describe the basic anatomy of a Daphnia,
2. list the steps in the scientific method,
3. distinguish between controls, dependent variables and independent variables,
4. explain what is meant by a hypothosis,
5. put forth a hypothesis on the effects of heartbeats on Daphnia after exposure, first to alcohol and then caffeine, and carry out an experiment testing the hypothesis,
6. describe the control in this experiment, and
7. graph the results.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

1. There are five steps to the scientific method. They are
   a. ,
   b. ,
   c. ,
   d. , and
   e. .
2. Something that must be taken into consideration, otherwise, it would skew the data, is called a .
3. determine the validity of your experiment.
4. An educated guess is called a .
5. will slow the heart rate in Daphnia while will speed the heart rate up.
6. Adding a specific percentage of alcohol to Daphnia would be considered a variable, while how long it takes for the heartrate to return to normal would be the variable.
7. Where may eggs be found in Daphnia?

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

1. Processed data is called:
   

   (1) a control.
   

   (2) a dependent variable.
   

   (3) an independent variable.
   

   (4) information.
   

   (5) a hypothesis.

2. The percentage of alcohol in your experiment that you use on the Daphnia is called the:

   (1) control.
   

   (2) dependent variable.
   

   (3) independent variable.
   

   (4) information.
   

   (5) hypothesis.

3. An educated guess is a(n):
   

   (1) control.
   

   (2) dependent variable.
   

   (3) independent variable.
   

   (4) information.
   

   (5) hypothesis.