Illustration from Teaching Resources Center, University of California at Davis.
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Read:
Plant Structure and Function, pp 1-7.
Terms to Know in This Chapter:
photosynthesis [foe toe SIN theh siss]
carbon dioxide [die OX ide]
autotroph (sing.) [AW toe trofh]
heterotroph (sing.) [HET er oh trofh]
node (sing.) [NOAD]
internode (sing.) [IN ter noad]
shoot (sing.)
root (sing.)
shoot apex (sing.)
shoot apices (pl.) [AY pah seez]
primary growth
stipule (sing.) [STIP yule]
blade (sing.)
petiole (sing.) [PET ee ole]
leaf (sing.)
leaves (pl.)
terminal bud (sing.) [TUR meh nul]
lateral bud (sing.) [LAT er ul]
branch (sing.)
branches (pl.) [BRAN chez]
tap root (sing.)
diffuse root (sing.)
adventitious root (sing.) [ad ven TISH us]
lateral root (sing.)
root cap (sing.)
root hair (sing.)
flower (sing.) [FLAUW ur]
xylem (sing.) [ZIE lum]
phloem (sing.) [FLOW um]
transpiration [trans spear AY shun]
absorption [ab SORP shun]
respiration [res spear AY shun]
vascular system [VAS kew lar]
herbaceous [her BAY shush]
woody
vascular bundle
cork (sing.)
pericycle (sing.) [PEAR eh sigh kul]
endoermis (sing.) [IN doe derm is]
cortex (sing.) [CORE tex]
cortices (pl.) [CORE teh seez]
starch grain (sing.)
pith (sing.)
epidermis [ep eh DERM is]
parenchyma (sing.) [pah RIN kah mah]
parenchymae (pl.) [pah RIN kah mee]
stele (sing.) [STEEL]
fiber (sing) [FIE bur]
angiosperm (sing.) [AN gee oh sperm]
monocotyledon (sing.) [MOE no COT eh LEE done]
dicotyledon (sing.) [die COT eh LEE done]
monocot (sing.) [MOE no cot]
dicot (sing.) [DIE cot]
parallel venation [PAR ah lell] [veh NAY shun]
net venation
pinnate [PEN ate]
palmate [PALM ate]
companion cell (sing.) [com PAN yun]
sieve tube (sing.) [SEEVE]
atactostele [ah TACK toe steel]
dictyostele (sing.) [DICK tee oh steel]
vessel (sing.) [VES ul]
cambium (sing.) [CAM bee um]
cambia (pl.) [CAM bee ah]
phloroglucinol [floor oh GLUE seh nol]
cuticle (sing.) [KEW teh kul]
mesophyll (sing.) [MEZ oh fill]
palisade layer [PAL ah sade]
chloroplast (sing.) [CHLOR oh plast]
guard cell (sing.)
stoma (sing.) [STOW mah]
stomata (pl.) [stow MAH tah]
turgor [TUR gor]
hypertonic [high per TAWN ik]
hypotonic [high poe TAWN ik]
petal (sing.) [PET ul]
sepal (sing.) [SEE pul]
calyx (sing.) [KAY licks]
calices (pl.) [KAY lah seez]
corolla (sing.) [co ROLL ah]
corollae (pl.) [co ROLL ee]
receptacle (sing.) [ree SEP tah kul]
stigma (sing.) [STIG mah]
style (sing.)
ovary (sing.) [OH vah ree]
ovaries (pl.) [OH vah reez]
pistil (sing.) [PISS tul]
stamen (sing.) [STAY men]
anther (sing.) [AN thur]
filament (sing.) [FILL ah ment]
pollen (sing.) [POL in]
fruit (sing.)
ovule (sing.) [OV yule]
composite flower (sing.) [com POZ it]
ray flower (sing.)
disk flower (sing.)
buttercup
radish [RAD ish]
corn
sugar cane
lilac [LIE lak]
sunflower
Genera You Need to Know
Ranunculus [rah NUN kew lus]
Zea mays [ZEE ah] [maze]
Syringa [seh RING ah]
What You Need to Know:
You should be able to:
- distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs
- identify the major parts of the above-the-ground portion of a vascular plant and the major parts of the below-the-ground portion of a vascular plant,
- give the functions of the shoot and root,
- explain the function of root hairs, identify them from the material provided, and explain their origin,
- distinguish between tap and diffuse root systems and the functions of root caps,
- explain the functions of xylem and phloem,
- identify the major features of a dicot root and explain the functions of each,
- give the origin of lateral roots,
- distinguish between monocots and dicots,
- identify the major parts of a monocot and dicot stem, be able to differentiate them microscopically, and give the functions of each part or tissue,
- identify the major parts of a leaf in cross section and explain the function of each,
- explain how stomata open and close and their purpose,
- demonstrate the ability to make free hand sections of tissue for the microscope and properly stain sections,
- identify the major parts of a flower and explain each, and
- identify the major parts and sections of a composite flower.
Exercises: Fill in the Blank.
- Organisms that convert inorganic carbon to glucose are called while those that depend on the first organisms as a source of food are called .
- At least two functions of the root are and .
- The points at which leaves are connected to stems are called .
- This attaches the leaf to the stem of the plant.
- generally conducts food downward in plants while generally conducts water upward.
- The origin of lateral roots is the tissue called
- The is a ring of tissue around the vascular bundle that forces water to remain within the vascular bundle.
- The is tissue found either in the root or stem that functions primarily for storage.
- is tissue found inside the vascular bundle used for storage, a filler space, and a little support. It is composed primarily of the cell type called
- In a stem, the vascular bundles are scattered in arrangement in the stem.
- Which type of angiosperms typically has a vascular cambium? (monocot or dicot)
- are cells that are connected to sieve tube and regulate the metabolism of sieve tube cells.
- have flower parts in 2's, 4's, 5's or multiples of these. (monocots, dicots)
- Where is the only place in the epidermis of the leaf you find chloroplasts?
- Stomata (open, close) in a hypertonic environment.
- Name three things that pass through the stomata of leaves.
a.
b. , and
c. . - The male part of the flower is called the and is composed of two parts, the and the .
- The collective term for sepals is while the collective term for petals is .
- There are two types of flowers found in composites. They are and .
- A mature, ripened ovary with its accessory parts is called a .
Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.
- Which is characteristic of a dicot?
| (1) Flower parts in threes.
| (2) Vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem.
| (3) A diffuse root system.
| (4) Root hairs.
| (5) Vascular bundles found in a ring pattern in the stem. -
This regulates water flow in the vascular bundle of roots.
|
| (1) cambium
| (2) epidermis
| (3) root hairs
| (4) endodermis
| (5) palisade layer
- Which tissue is found inside the vascular bundle and is used mostly for storage?
(1) pith
|
(2) cortex
|
(3) vascular bundle
|
(4) pericycle
|
(5) guard cells
- This is a fundamental plant cell type and makes up the majority of cells of herbaceous palnts.
(1) sclerenchyma
|
(2) collenchyma
|
(3) parenchyma
|
(4) sieve tubes
|
(5) vessels
- These are cell types of xylem and are used mostly to transport water. They are not found in gymnosperms, only angiosperms.
(1) parencyma
|
(2) sclerenchyma
|
(3) companion cells
|
(4) vessels
|
(5) cambium
| | |
