Chapter 9 Nucleic Acids

Chapter 9 Nucleic Acids


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Terms to Know in This Chapter:

 

nucleic acid [new CLAY ik]

nucleotide [NEW klee oh tide]

ribose [RYE bose]

deoxyribonucleic acid [DEE oxy RYE bo new CLAY ik]

ribonucleic acid [RYE bo new CLAY ik]

adenosine triphosphate [ah DEN oh seen]

adenine [ADD eh nean]

thymine [THIGH mean]

guanine [GWAN een]

cytosine [SY toe seen]

uracil [YOUR ah sill]

Chargaff's rule [SHAR gaffs]

codon [CODE on]

gene [jean]

chromosome [CROW mo zome]


What You Need to Know:


You should be able to:

  1. explain the building blocks of nucleic acids,
  2. give the differences between deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid,
  3. explain what constitutes a codon,
  4. explain Chargaff's rule,
  5. explain how the bases are connected in a DNA molecule,
  6. explain for what a gene codes, and
  7. explain how to make ATP.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.


  1. This nucleic acid contains the base uracil instead of thymine.
  2. The four bases found in DNA are
    A.
    B.
    C.
    D.
    and according to Chargaff's rule, always pairs with and always pairs with .
  3. A consists of a linear sequence of three bases in a DNA molecule.
  4. When ATP loses its high energy phosphate group, it becomes ADP which stands for .
  5. If the left-handed segment of a DNA molecule reads ATTCGGCTAATC, the right-handed segment should read .
  6. If the segment of a nucleic acid reads AUUGGCCUAUA, then you would be able to say with certainty that the molecule is the nucleic acid called .

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

  1. If a segment of a nucleic acid reads ATTCGCCAAG, then the matching segment would read:
    2.   (1) TAACGCCTTG.
     (2) TAACGGGTTC.
     (3) TAAGCGGTTC.
     (4) CTTGGCGAAT.
     (5) GAACCGCTTA.

    1.2.
    3.4.5.
  2. Which of the above represents a nucleotide?
     (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)
    (5)
  3. Which of the above represents the building block of DNA?
    4.   (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)
    (5)
  4. What can you say about a segment of a molecule that contains the sequence of bases ACCGUUCG?
    5.    (1) It can be either DNA, RNA, or ATP.
     (2) It must be single stranded.
     (3) It must be DNA.
     (4) It can only be ATP.
     (5) It contains one less oxygen than DNA in its sugars.