Chapter 6 - Carbohydrates

Chapter 6 - Carbohydrates

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Terms to Know in This Chapter:

monosaccharide [mono SACK ah ride]

disaccharide [die SACK ah ride]

polysaccharide [poly SACK ah ride]

carbohydrate [car bow HI drate]

glucose [GLUE cose]

fructose [FRUCK tose]

galactose [gah LACK tose]

isomer [EYE so mer]

maltose [MALL tose]

lactose [LACK tose]

sucrose [SUE crose]

condensation synthesis [con din SAY shun]

dehydration synthesis [de hi DRAY shun]

hydrolysis [hi DROL eh sis]

ring structure

straight chain structure

formula

starch

glycogen [GLIE co gin]

amylose [AMY lose]

amylopectin [amy lo PECK tin]

cellulose [CELL you los]

What You Need to Know:


You should be able to:

  1. distinguish among monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide,
  2. explain the terms hydrolysis and condensation synthesis (dehydration synthesis),
  3. know how sucrose, maltose, and lactose are formed and how to break them apart,
  4. know the structures and formulas for glucose, fructose, and sucrose,
  5. explain the formation of starch, a polysaccharide, and the three different types of starches and where they may be found in nature, and
  6. differentiate between cellulose and starch.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

  1. or condensation synthesis is the process where two or more smaller molecules are chemically combined to form a larger molecule. The term in the oil industry that is the same as the term above is (cracking or polymerization)
  2. The term cracking is the same as the term
  3. Give three other names for glucose.


  4. When more than two monosaccharides are strung together, we call it a of which and and are examples.
  5. What is the main difference between starch and cellulose?
  6. is another name for "animal" starch.
  7. and = maltose.
  8. and = lactose.
  9. When you take sucrose and add water through a process known as hydrolysis, you form the two monosaccharides and .

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

  1. When glucose is combined with glucose to form maltose, it occurs through a process known as:
      (1) cracking.
    (2) polymerization.
    (3) condensation synthesis.
    (4) hydrolysis.
    (5) more than one answer is correct.

  2. Which of the following is a plant starch?
    (1) amylose
    (2) glycogen
    (3) amylopectin
    (4) both 1 and 2 are correct
    (5) both 1 and 3 are correct

  3. Glucose + galactose = ?
    (1) amylose.
    (2) maltose.
    (3) lactose.
    (4) sucrose.
    (5) amylase.