Chapter 5 - Organic Chemistry

hydrocarbons

methane [METH ane]

ethane [ETH ane]

propane [PRO pane]

butane [BU tane]

pentane [PIN tane]

hexane [HEX ane]

heptane [HEP tane]

octane [OC tane]

nonane [NO nane]

decane [DECK ane]

single bond

double bond

triple bond

flammable

inflammable

cracking

polymerization [po LIM er ee zay shun]

ethene [ETH eene]

ethyne [ETH yne]

acetylene [ah SET il eene]

functional groups

methyl [METH il]

hydroxyl [hi DROX il] *Do not confuse with hydroxide ion

aldehyde [AL hee hide]

carboxyl [car BOX il]

ketone [KEY tone]

amino [ah MEAN oh]

phosphate [FOSS fate]

thiol [THY ol]

mercaptan [mer CAP tan]

ester [ESS ter]

ether [EE ther]

ethyl alcohol

What You Need to Know:

You should be able to:

1. explain what is meant by a hydrocarbon,
2. know the structures and formulas for the hydrocarbons: methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, ethene, and ethyne,
3. recognize the following functional groups: methyl, carboxyl, aldehyde, ketone, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, thiol or mercaptan, ester, and ether,
4. explain how functional groups can change a compound,
5. differentiate between cracking and polymerization, and
6. distinguish among a single bond, double bond, and triple bond.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

1. A compound that has the formula C₂H₆ is called .
2. If a hydrocarbon with single bonds has 10 carbon atoms, it would have hydrogen atoms, based on the formula of C_(n)H_(2n+2), where n represents the number of carbon atoms.
3. The formula for octane is .
4. The structure shown is of the hydrocarbon called .
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
5. The structure shown is of the double bonded hydrocarbon called .
   
   
   
   
   
   
6. What is the formula for the above molecule in question 5?
   
   
7. Name the compound shown.
   
   
   
   
   Now name the functional group in the compound
   
   
8. Name the functional group shown in the compound.
   
   
   
   
9. Name the compound shown.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
10. is the process where two or more smaller molecules are chemically combined to form a larger molecule.
11. The term refers to taking a large molecule and breaking it down into smaller molecules.

Exercises: Multiple Choice. Select the Best Answer.

1.	2.	3.
4.	5.

1. In the above diagrams, which one represents butane?
     (1)
     (2)
     (3)
     (4)
   (5)
2. In the above diagrams, which one represents acetylene?
     (1)
     (2)
     (3)
     (4)
   (5)
3. In the above diagrams, which one represents a triple bond?
     (1)
     (2)
     (3)
     (4)
   (5)
4. In the above diagrams, which one represents ethyl alcohol?
     (1)
     (2)
     (3)
     (4)
     (5)