Chapter 19 - Oögenesis

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Terms to Know in This Chapter:

People You Need to Know:

Alfred Kinsey
William Masters
Virginia Johnson

What You Need to Know:

1. explain oögenesis in females,
2. name the parts of a egg cell and name the stage of meiosis in which it is arrested until penetration by the sperm.
3. describe and label the anatomy of the female reproductive system and give the number of each structure in the female, i.e. number of ovaries,
4. explain the function of Bartholin glands and vestibular glands,
5. discuss circumcision in females, particularly the pros and cons,
6. describe the process for the fertilization of the ovum,
7. explain the mechanism of egg production in females, especially the development of the primary and secondary follicles, the Graafian follicle and the corpus luteum and corpus albicans,
8. describe the various phases in the menstrual cycle and ovulatory cycle in females,
9. describe the structure of the mammary gland,
10. describe orgasm in females including what is known as the sexual response,
11. explain the mechanics of sexual arousal in females, and
12. discuss the glands and hormones associated with egg production in females.

Exercises: Fill in the Blank.

1. In oögenesis in females, the cell that gives rise to the primary oöcyte is called the cell. The primary oöcyte undergoes the first part of meiosis and produces one large cell called the oöcyte and a smaller cell called the first . The secondary oöcyte undergoes the second part of meiosis and forms one single cell called the and a smaller cell called the .
2. The female has ovaries inside the body cavity. Close by the ovaries are finger-like projections called that gather the egg after it has been ejected from this region. The fertilized egg then travels down the and is fertilized in the upper third of this region. The fertilized egg then travels down and enters the where it implants itself and continues to develop.
3. The two major sex hormones in the female are and .
4. The uterus has an inner, middle and outer layer. The outer layer is called the , the middle layer is the , and the inner layer is the .
5. The is the point were the uterus joins the vagina.
6. The inner lips of the female are called the labia and the outer lips are called the labia .
7. The is homologous to the male penis. It has nerve endings and erectile tissue.
8. In males, the urinary system is (separate, combined) with the reproductive system, while in females, the urinary system is (separate, combined) with the reproductive system.
9. Only the lower 1/3 of the has nerve endings in the female.
10. When a female becomes sexually aroused, the undergoes a process called "tenting" to help pull the sperm up into it.
11. Orgasm in females has four stages, according to Masters and Johnson. They are in order of occurrence:
    
    
    
    .
12. Involuntary contractions of muscles in the limbs of the body during orgasm is called: .
13. If there is no pregnancy, the corpus luteum eventually becomes the: .
14. The first time a woman menstruates, it is referred to as: .
15. During menstruation, this lining of the uterus is shed.
16. The anterior pituitary in the female secretes FSH and LH which stimulates the secretion of and . Estrogen is secreted by cells that surround the egg called the . After the egg is ejected from the ovary, these cells continue the secretion of estrogen as the .
17. The corpus luteum also secretes which influences the growth of the lining of the uterus called the endometrium.
18. Early in the development of the follicle, estrogen (stimulates, inhibits) production of FSH and LH, but later, estrogen (stimulates, inhibits) FSH and LH. The egg is then ejected from the ovary. .
19. Indicate the number of structures found in the body of females.
    
    mons pubis
    
    labium majorum
    
    urethra
    
    prostate
    
    cervix
    
    uterus
    
    Fallopian tube
    
    ovary
    
    ureter
    
    clitoris
    
    labium minorum
    
    

    Exercises. Multiple Choice. Select the best answer.

    1. Egg production occurs:
       (1) in the ovary.
       (2) in the Fallopian tubes.
       (3) in the uterus.
       (4) throughout the life of the female.
       (5) all of these are correct.
       
       
    2. The clear zone around the egg is called the:
       (1) corona pellucida.
       (2) corona radiata.
       (3) zona pellucida.
       (4) zona radiata.
       (5) zona corona.
       
       
    3. Which of the following structures are ciliated and propel the egg towards the uterus?
       (1) ovaries
       (2) Fallopian tube
       (3) uterus
       (4) vagina
       (5) mons pubis
       
       
    4. Which of the following undergoes tenting to pull the sperm upward?
       (1) ovaries
       (2) Fallopian tube
       (3) uterus
       (4) vagina
       (5) mons pubis
       
       
    5. Where does fertilization of the egg normally occur?
       (1) ovaries
       (2) Fallopian tubes
       (3) uterus
       (4) vagina
       (5) cervix
       
       
    6. This structure has layers, one of which is shed during menstruation.
       (1) ovaries
       (2) Fallopian tubes
       (3) uterus
       (4) vagina
       (5) mons pubis
       
       
    7. This hormone is primarily responsible for thickening the lining of the uterus to accept the developing fetus.
       (1) FSH
       (2) LH
       (3) estrogen
       (4) progesterone
       (5) gonadotropin releasing hormone